Physicists test gravity rung by rung. Newton handles the first pass. Then come the post-Newtonian corrections: 1PN, 2PN, 2.5PN, 3PN, 4PN, and beyond. Each rung corresponds to a specific observable effect.
Newton
Inverse-square attraction
Static weak-field regime.
1PN
Perihelion precession
Mercury and the first relativistic orbital tests.
2PN
Higher conservative corrections
Shapiro delay, lensing, stronger two-body structure.
2.5PN
Quadrupole radiation loss
Binary pulsars and inspiral energy balance.
3PN
Full conservative binary ledger
Precision compact-binary modelling.
4PN
Local plus tail conservative sector
High-precision waveform modelling.